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  " Sept 10 (1620) Michaell sonne of Michaell Humfrey bapt. " |
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To go directly to our DNA Results/Analysis, go to: Results Table To go directly to our Humphrey surname project signup, go to: FTDNA
Humphrey surname project: (sign up here)
Graphs of Capelli's British Isles data - 2004 Graphs of Rootsi's European data - 2004 ***** Recent Updates ***** Count by haplogroup: R1b = 24, I1a* = 6, E3b = 5, R1a = 1, I = 1, I1b = 1, I1c = 1 ------------------- We are currently seeking DNA testing for men with surnames Hue(s) & Humphrey (ry)(fry)(frey), etc who live in/near the Honiton, Lyme Regis area, or men who may have male-line ancestors who lived there. ******************************* details below: 07/07/07 Update: We now have 43 members in our FTDNA project, 39 with current DNA test results. We have now verified that 4 of our 5 members who tested as haplogroup E3b are direct male descendants of Jonas Humphrey. These 4 match closely enough to support the descendancy, and our 5th E3b member is getting a higher resolution test to compare. Details are below: Jonas immigrated in 1635 from England to Massachusetts. 07/05/07 Update: The Dorset Country records office has given us a copy of the marriage certificate of Michael Humphrey & Martha Pride, my 11th grandparents, July 4, 1615, Bridport, Dorset, near Lyme Regis. Other records corroborate the supposition that Michael likely was born in the Humphry families in Honiton, Devon, 15 miles NW of Lyme Regis. There are court records indicating possible relationships with Hue(s). Several Hues families adopted the surname Humphrey in the mid to late 1500's, and we have copies of several records of this change. We are currently seeking DNA testing for men with surnames Hue(s) & Humphrey (ry)(fry)(frey), etc who live in/near the Honiton, Lyme Regis area, or men who may have male-line ancestors who lived there. ******************************* 04/21/07 Update: We now have 40 members in our FTDNA project, 34 with current DNA test results. Soon we will have results for a direct male descendant of Jonas Humphrey, 1620, who immigrated from Wendover, Buckinghamshire to Massachusetts in 1635. We expect some close matches with other members. Michael Humphrey of Lyme Regis, Dorset, 1620, and Jonas are the earliest known Humphrey male immigrants to America. 12/11/06 Update: We now have 33 members in our FTDNA Humphrey project. New test results indicate Haplogroups R1a, E3b, J2, I1c, and the majority continue to be R1b. This is consistent with the generality of the surname ( & various spellings), particularly in the British Isles. To go directly to our DNA Results/Analysis, go to: Results Table You can also go to our public website at FTDNA: FTDNA Humphrey Project Our original 4 I1a* members are of my lineage, tracing back to Michael Humphrey, born 1577, Honiton, Devon. His son Michael, born 1620 in Lyme Regis, Dorset, immigrated to Connecticut in 1640. We have two other I1a* members, one surnamed Peet with a 24/25 match with our modal I1a* haplotype. Two of our R1b members, kit# 18304 & 41586, have a 25/25 match, and merged their family trees, having a common ancestor, David Humphreys, born ~ 1790, in Wales. ***** Previous updates at end of this page ***** The referenced graphs show distributions for our I1a* haplotype & others in the British Isles and Europe: *** Possible Migrations to England of Humphrey(s) ancestors *** Given the very high
percentage of R1b in Ireland, Wales, Scotland, and
given the Celtic history in Europe, it seems likely that the indigenous
Celtic
population in the British Isles prior to the Roman era is a natural
initial source of R1b in England today. E3b & J2 populations
may have
come before or with the Romans, a currently popular notion, as well as
afterwards.
Combining family verbal lore, surname linguistics, English & Norman history, we now have more evidence to support the supposition that our I1a1 line had Norwegian ancestors as recently as year 400, Norman ancestors from approximately year 900, & English ancestors, likely in southern England, the Channel Islands and/or Isle of Wight, circa 1066, & with the Norman invasion at Hastings. For several centuries, the surname Humphrey has been concentrated in the Southeast of England, East Anglia, and Yorkshire. Currently, the surname Humphreys (or Humphries) is concentrated in Wales. However, there are other logical possibilities supported by English history & the genetic results: (1) Our ancestors were Norwegian Vikings migrating to Northwest England in the 10th & 11th centuries (possibly through Ireland), eastward toward York, Norfolk, East Anglia, then south to Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, or (2) Danish/German ancestors arriving as Anglo/Saxons in the 5th & 6th centuries, settling in eastern England before the Viking invasions, or (3) arriving in the 9th, 10th & 11th centuries with the Danish Viking invasions & Danelaw. Our I1a1 haplotype occurs in Capelli's data (2005) at frequencies of 6.47% in Norway & 5.26% in Denmark. In Capelli's data York has the highest percentage of our I1a1 haplotype at 11% of the total, followed by 7.8% in Durness, northern Scotland, 6.8% in the Western Isles, 5.8% in Norfolk, & 5.6% in Penrith, Cumbria. Most of these are known to have been extensively settled by Norwegian Vikings. The "I" haplogroup in York is 33% of the total sample, the highest concentration in any of the English, Scottish, or Irish regions. In Capelli's 2004 data, the highest level of "I" was in Denmark/Germany at 39.5%, followed by 32.6% in York, 31% in Norfolk, and 28.4% in Norway. Though it's currently thought that our I1a* lineage split from it's parental I1a lineage in western Norway, perhaps 3000+ years ago, it's possible, given today's near-parity ocurrence in Denmark as well as Norway, that our I1a* ancestors may have arrived with the Anglo-Saxons, or later with the Danish or NorwegianVikings, or with the Normans, circa 1066. The Norman-influenced "Humphrey" form of our surname is most prevalent today in eastern England. |
Our goal is to identify Humphrey family lineages in America & Europe. We want to find the family relationships and determine our most recent common ancestry. My lineage is from Michael Humphrey, who immigrated from Lyme Regis, Dorset, England, to Connecticut in 1640.
We are also seeking descendants of Jonas Humphrey of Weymouth & Dorchester, Mass., born 1620, in Wendover, Bucks, England, immigrated to Mass. in 1634, and we are seeking members of the family of David Carlisle Humphreys, born 1741 in Ireland, who came to America about 1764, settling in Greenville, Virginia.
Specific Goals
We will subsidize DNA testing to try to solve 2 genealogical puzzles:
(1) Who were the parents of Michael Humphrey, born 1620 in Lyme Regis? Who were their ancestors & where did they live? We believe the parents of Michael to be Michael Humphrey, born 1577 in Honiton, Devon, 15 miles from Lyme Regis, and Martha Pride, born ~1590. They were married in Bridport, Dorset, in 1615. LDS copies of Bishop's transcripts for Lyme Regis were examined in March, 2005.
(2) Verify that Ozias Sr., born 1763 in Simsbury, Connecticut, was the father of Ozias Jr., born 1789 in Simsbury. This goal has been met with verification by the close match with our newly discovered 9th cousin, January, 2005.
(3) Find more branches of all Humphrey families who have immigrated to America. We have been able to merge some of our more recent R1b Humphrey lineages to a common ancestor in Wales, late 1700's, and we now have 13 R1b members with Celtic & British ancestry and my original 4 I1a* family members with English/Norman/Scandinavian ancestry.
DNA testing can help knock down traditional brick walls in genealogy, and we've already had some early success in distinguishing lineages.
Our DNA project has initially differentiated 2 distinct genetic lines, & revealed highly likely common ancestry with Sutton, Morton, Liles, & Peet families, circa (1100 - 1500). It has corroborated our genealogical paper trail to historical southeast English, highly probable Norman & Scandinavian ancestry, and discovered separate Celtic/Irish/Welsh lineages.
Our Humphrey surname has Norman/Scandinavian roots: we appear in America from 1640; in England, Wales, & Ireland before 1066 and in greater numbers afterwards; Normandy from the 8th century; and in Scandinavia by the 5th century. Our DNA test & SNP test results indicate we are in Y - chromosome haplogroup "I1a*" a clan that has most likely been in Scandinavia for 3000-4000 years.
DNA testing has identified Humphrey lineages with Celtic ancestry, haplogroup R1b, the most prevalent in Europe. After the Viking era, there were many Irish Celtic natives who adopted Scandinavian surnames, as well as many Britons in England who adopted Scandinavian surnames. Our goal is to identify as many Humphrey lineages as possible.
Search for cousins
Our current research indicates that our direct paternal line to Michael Humphrey has no surviving 4th, 6th, or 7th paternal-line male cousins. We are actively seeking DNA results from our 2nd & 3rd cousins, essential for our goals. We're still seeking 5th, 8th & more distant cousins to establish a Humphrey modal haplotype to help us find the relationships among Humphrey families in America & Europe. We've been extremely fortunate to obtain DNA results from a 9th cousin, confirming the paternity relationship of Ozias Humphrey of Simsbury.
To go directly to our DNA Results/Analysis, go to: Results Table
FTDNA Humphrey surname project: (sign up here)
Who were Michael Humphrey's ancestors?
04/21/07: I'm going back to the Dorset Country Records offica once again for a more thorough search. We still have not been able to locate likely ancestry for Michael's father. If the forthcoming DNA results show Jonas to have been I1a* & close match with our haplotype, we could venture the assumption that they were close cousins, and expand our searches for ancestry of Jonas in Wendover, 1620.
Honiton records have revealed many possibilities, but nothing supportable with records. The Devon Country records office in Exeter conducted a detailed search of Manorial & other records back to the 13th century. There's no clear connection with the Humphreys of Honiton into the mid 1800's or Ozias, the court painter who settled in London.
English history, linguistics & the genetic results suggest searching in Sussex, Essex, Norfolk, & York, so we're contacting those County records offices.
4 Humphrey Families in America - 1600's:
#1: Michael Humphrey - Born 1620, immigrated from Lyme Regis, Dorset, to Connecticut in 1640. Lived in Windsor & Simsbury, died in 1698. Many descendants lived in/near Simsbury & New York state.
#2: John Humphrey - Born 1600, immigrated from Chaldon Herring, Dorset, to Massachessetts in 1635, died ~1685 in Chaldon Herring. Many of decendants lived for at least 2 centuries in/near Hingham, Mass. & North Yarmouth, Maine.
#3: Jonas Humphrey - Born ~1620 in Wendover, England, immigrated to Dorchester, Mass in 1637. Died 1699 in Weymouth, Mass.
#4: John Humphreys - Born ~1720 in County Armagh, Ireland. His son, David Carlisle Humphreys, born 1741 in Ireland, came to America about 1764, settling in Greenville, Virginia.
Humphrey Genealogy Book:
The Humphreys Family in America - Frederick Humphreys, M.D., 1883 (published by Tuttle Antiquarian Books, Rutland Vermont)
This book (3 volumes), has an extensive section on European family history as well as the American history.
Current status of our database:
As of 11/13/05 I've uploaded 2100 of our recorded 3100+ Humphrey family members in our database. This database is at the RootsWeb/WorldConnect and WorldFamilyTree sites whose links are shown above. I will continue to update these sites and the 2 corresponding tables below: Kinship & Ancestors of Michael Humphrey.
Our Gedcom file can be found at: Humphrey.113005.private.GED
It can be searched at the RootsWeb link: RootsWeb/WordConnect site
or, at the WorldFamilyTree website with an online Gedcom viewer:
Humphrey Genealogy Gedcom viewer:
(If you use this latter option, some patience is helpful - the viewer takes 10+ secs to load, even with a fast connection)
*******************************************************************
FTDNA
Humphrey surname project: (sign up here)
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Y Chromosome Results: 12, 25, 37, & 67 markers
Our FTDNA surname project is young, and we are actively seeking Humphrey participants. Initially, I had 9 exact matches at 12 markers with members of the Sutton & Morton families. I also have a 24/25 match with Morton & Peet (they are 25/25), and all differences are 1-step "fast-moving" markers, shown below in red. More Sutton data will appear in the near future. As of July 2, 2005, we have 3 distinct Humphrey lines, haplogroups "I1a*" & "R1b", as shown below. |
Each member's surname is followed by a "-", then some information about the most distant paternal ancestor known. Michael Humphrey's son Michael, born 1620 in Lyme Regis, Dorset, immigrated to Connecticut in 1640.
Members 18304 & 41586 were unaware of their common male ancestry in Wales until they compared their family trees, after finding their exact Y-chromosome match at 25 markers. The green haplogroups are confirmed by SNP testing, the red are inferred from matching haplotypes with an SNP confirmed haplotype.
Three of our 4 E3b members match 12/12, & the other matches 11/12. One is getting a full SNP "backbone" SNP test from FTDNA.
--------------------
Soon we will have results for a direct male descendant of Jonas Humphrey, 1620, who immigrated from Wendover, Buckinghamshire to Massachusetts in 1635. We're looking for some close matches with other members. Michael Humphrey of Lyme Regis, Dorset, 1620, and Jonas are the earliest known Humphrey male immigrants to America.
FTDNA HUMPHREY SURNAME PROJECT RESULTS
DYS# # Kit Most Distant Ancestor *
H
a
p
l
o3
9
33
9
01
93
9
13
8
5
a3
8
5
b4
2
63
8
84
3
93
8
9
|
13
9
23
8
9
|
24
5
84
5
9
a4
5
9
b4
5
54
5
44
4
74
3
74
4
84
4
94
6
4
a4
6
4
b4
6
4
c4
6
4
d4
6
0G
A
T
A
H
4Y
C
A
I
I
aY
C
A
I
I
b4
5
66
0
75
7
65
7
0C
D
Y
aC
D
Y
b4
4
24
3
85
3
15
7
83
9
5
S
1
a3
9
5
S
1
b5
9
05
3
76
4
14
7
24
0
6
S
15
1
14
2
54
1
3
a4
1
3
b5
5
75
9
44
3
64
9
05
3
44
5
04
4
44
8
15
2
04
4
66
1
75
6
84
8
75
7
26
4
04
9
25
6
5E3b 1 53677 E3b 13 26 13 11 14 18 11 12 12 13 11 33 2 83358 E3b 13 26 13 11 14 18 11 12 12 13 11 33 3 86056 E3b 13 26 13 11 14 18 11 12 12 13 11 33 17 9 9 11 11 26 14 20 31 16 16 16 17 10 10 18 22 15 13 16 18 30 35 13 11 4 41818 - 13 26 13 11 15 18 11 12 12 13 11 33 5
E3b
13
26
13
11
14
18
11
12
12
13
11
33
I 5 77834 I 14 23 17 11 16 16 11 13 11 13 12 29 15 8 9 11 11 26 15 20 26 11 11 14 15 10 10 19 19 17 15 17 18 31 35 12 10 I1b 6 65482 Herbert Humphries I1b 13 24 16 11 15 15 11 13 13 13 11 33 I1c 7 71356 I1c 14 22 16 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 29 16 8 10 11 11 26 15 19 28 11 14 14 14 11 10 19 19 16 17 18 19 33 36 12 10 MichaelHumphreyI1a* 8 36428 Henry Peet, born 1812, Wigan, Lancashire, England I 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 27 12 14 15 16 11 10 19 21 14 14 15 20 35 37 12 10 9 73613 I 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 13 11 29 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 27 12 14 15 16 10 26490 Michael Humphrey I 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 13 11 29 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 27 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 15 14 16 19 35 37 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 10 9 12 23 26 15 10 12 12 16 8 14 24 20 14 13 11 12 10 11 12 11 11 19745 Michael Humphrey I 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 13 11 29 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 27 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 15 14 16 19 36 37 12 10 12 17419 Michael Humphrey I 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 13 11 29 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 27 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 15 14 16 19 36 37 13 10 13 8242 Michael Humphrey, b. 1577, Honiton, Devon, England I1a 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 13 11 29 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 27 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 15 14 16 19 36 37 13 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 10 9 12 23 26 15 10 12 12 16 8 14 24 20 14 13 11 12 10 11 12 11 R1a 14 N2981 John Humphreys, ca. 1725, Washington County, TN R1a 13 25 15 10 11 14 12 10 10 13 11 32 15 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 33 12 14 14 17 11 11 19 23 15 16 18 19 34 40 12 11 11 8 17 17 8 12 10 8 11 10 12 22 22 15 10 12 12 13 8 14 23 22 12 13 11 14 11 11 14 13 R1b 15 N5556 William James Humphreys bn 1837 Tn R1b1 11 24 15 11 13 14 12 13 12 13 13 30 14 9 9 11 11 26 15 18 30 14 14 14 16 16 67723 R1b1 11 24 15 11 13 14 12 13 12 13 13 30 14 9 9 11 11 26 15 18 30 14 14 14 16 10 11 18 23 14 16 19 16 34 34 15 11 11 8 15 16 8 10 10 8 11 9 12 19 21 17 10 12 12 13 8 12 25 21 13 11 11 13 12 11 12 12 17 52009 R1b1 13 24 14 10 10 16 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 9 9 11 11 26 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 10 10 19 23 14 15 18 17 36 38 11 12 18 16968 R1b1 13 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 9 9 11 11 26 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 10 10 19 23 14 15 18 17 36 37 11 12 11 9 15 15 8 10 10 8 10 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 15 8 12 22 20 13 12 11 13 11 11 12 12 19 77058 R1b1c 13 24 14 10 11 16 12 12 12 13 13 29 20 51784 Robert Humphreys, b.c. 1785, Pwllheli, Wales R1b1 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 11 11 19 23 16 15 19 17 37 38 12 12 21 74979 R1b1 13 24 14 11 12 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 22 72372 Arthur Humphrey, b.c. 1663, England R1b1 13 24 14 12 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 23 78117 Humphrey Humphries, died 1826, age 66, Shropshire R1b 13 25 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 15 15 16 17 11 11 19 23 15 15 20 16 38 38 12 12 24 18304 David Humphreys, ca 1800, Wales R1b 13 25 14 11 12 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 11 11 11 25 15 19 30 14 15 15 17 25 41586 David Humphreys, ca 1800, Wales R1b 13 25 14 11 12 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 11 11 11 25 15 19 30 14 15 15 17 11 11 19 23 17 14 19 16 34 37 12 12 26 76982 R1b 14 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 31 16 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 15 17 R1b.WAMH 27 17727 Nelson R1b1 13 24 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 13 30 19 9 10 11 11 26 15 21 29 14 15 17 18 28 48160 R1b1 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 14 15 16 17 29 74975 Griffith Humphrey, b.1792, Llangwnnadl, Caernarvon R1b 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 16 17 17 10 11 19 23 15 15 19 17 37 41 12 12 30 N2194 R1b1 13 24 14 11 11 15 12 12 11 13 13 29 31 72831 Samueol Jesse Humphries, Stafford Va. b. 1795 R1b1 13 24 14 11 11 15 12 12 11 13 13 29 18 9 10 11 11 24 14 19 30 15 16 17 17 10 11 19 23 16 15 17 14 38 39 12 12 32 33717 R1b1 13 24 14 11 11 15 12 12 11 13 13 29 18 9 10 11 11 24 14 19 30 15 16 17 17 11 11 19 23 16 15 17 14 38 39 12 12 33 68941 HUMPHRIES R1b1 13 24 14 11 11 15 12 12 13 13 13 29 34 N5136 R1b 13 25 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29
HUMPHREY MULTI-FAMILY PROJECT RESULTS
(This section will have significant updates soon)
DYS# Kit Name *
H
a
p
l
o3
9
33
9
01
93
9
13
8
5
a3
8
5
b4
2
63
8
84
3
93
8
9
|
13
9
23
8
9
|
24
5
84
5
9
a4
5
9
b4
5
54
5
44
4
74
3
74
4
84
4
94
6
4
a4
6
4
b4
6
4
c4
6
4
d4
6
0G
A
T
A
H
4Y
C
A
I
I
aY
C
A
I
I
b4
5
66
0
75
7
65
7
0C
D
Y
aC
D
Y
b4
4
24
3
8Morton - I1a* 15467 Morton1
I1a 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 27 12 14 15 16 11 10 19 21 14 14 16 21 34 37 12 10
Morton2
I1a 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 27 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 15 14 16 22
34 37 12 10 Suttom - I1a*
4141 Sutton1 I1a 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 13 11 29 15 8
9
8
11 23 16 22
28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 16 21 35 39 10 10 4933 Sutton2 I1a 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 13 11 29 15
8 9
8
11
23 16 22 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 15 15 16 21 35 39 12 10 4140 Sutton3 I1a 13 23 14 11 10 14 11 14 11 13 11 29 15 8
9
8
11 23 16 22
28
12 13 15 16
13712 Sutton4 I1a 13 23 14 11 10 14 11 14 11 13 11 29 15 8
9
8
11 23 16 22 28 12 13 15 16
The azure color cells indicate
differences with the currently presumed I1a* Humphrey group's modal
haplotype
using 25 markers -
(Humphrey1,2,3,4) =
| I1a* | 13 | 23 | 14 | 10 | 14 | 14 | 11 |
14 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 29 | 15 | 8 |
9 | 8 | 11 | 23 | 16 | 20 | 27 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
Four of our 10 R1b members
belong
to the WAMH (Western Atlantic Modal Haplotype), the modal haplotype of
R1b, which is the most predominant
haplogroup in Europe. Celtic populations are likely in the R1b
haplogroup. Two
of our R1b members match 25/25 (18304 &
41568), and merged their family trees to find a common ancestor,
David Humphreys, born ~ 1790 in
Wales. Our R1b member, kit# N5556 (from the
Nations Geographic Genographic
Project), has a unique haplotype, and
his R1b was verified with an SNP test.
We are encouraging our NG R1b
members with 12 marker results to upgrade to 25 or 27 markers.
N5556 was
SNP tested by FTDNA, since his haplotype
is so distinctive, and he was verified as P25+ for R1b. Currently, an
upgrade for this person is less
critical, though it would be informative for human population studies.
We see 4 WAMH R1b lines,
including a pair of 12/12 matches. For these 4, the most
reasonable
modal value is WAMH: DYS 19, 388,
390, 391, 392, 393 = 14, 12, 24, 11, 13, 13
** has
confirmed the estimated "I" haplogroup with the FTDNA SNP test. Actual
testing is performed in a
laboratory at the University of Arizona.
There's
current evidence, subject to ongoing research, that 455=8
&
YCAIIa,b = 19,21 are strongly
correlated with haplogroup I1a*. Many of the
associated population groups
may have "wintered" in France's
Dordogne, nothern Spain, & in Moravia during
the Last Glacial Maximum,
then later moved northward into
Scandinavia, (where their ancestors may have lived prior to
the LGM). See
McDonald monographs discussed in the
RootsWeb genetic geneaology discussion group & the recent
papers
by Dr. Rootsi et al,
"Phylogeography of Haplogroup I ...", and
"TheWestern and Eastern Roots of the
Saami..."
|
Statistics indicate the 22/25
match of #8242 and several Liles members (data not shown here) predicts
a common ancestor in
the "surname era",
circa 1100. Our Humphrey line has a genealogical paper trail to areas in southern England &
the Isle of Wight where
English historical records indicate individuals with both our
surnames owned property in 1086.
Our Humphrey paper trail goes back to 1577, and we are currently
researching the Honiton area in Devon, and Southeastern England to
attempt to trace further back
in time. Also, the Fluxus Phylogenetic network diagram which follows
the TMCRA
graphs, calculates a theoretical common ancestor haplotype, "mv1", and
indicates that our Humphrey result, (#8242), and the closely matching
Liles, Peet, & Morton results are only 1 marker mutation
distant from "mv1", when we use 25 markers. At 37 markers the
separation of each family from mv1 increases to 2 mutations. More
details are given with the Phylogenetic
diagram, and more will follow in the future. Following an idea from Doug
Mumma's paper, DNA.Mumma.pdf, we had
selected an ancestral haplotype for our multi-family: Humphrey,
Suttons, Mortons, & Peet, eliminating the
fast-moving markers, DYS458 & DYS449 (and the 464's mentioned
above), leaving a total of 19 markers as a proposed "core"
haplotype. Sutton's
"I" results have a single, 2-step difference at DYS448. This proposed
ancestral haplotype
is different from the multi-family modal haplotype suggested by Fluxus,
as shown below, using 21 markers. Either of these haplotypes
suggests a TMRCA in the surname era in Europe, perhaps as recently as
1200. We will continue to refine this analysis as we gather more data. Meanwhile, until we learn more
about FTDNA's current set of marker mutation rates, instead of
estimating an multi-family ancestral halpotype, we prefer to estimate a
TMRCA to an ancestor common to our set of families by extrapolating the
current observed average mutation rates of .0020, and .0025 for our
respective 37 markers. The current estimate would be (20-25)
generations ago. Our observed generation average over the past 10
generations is 33 years, so in years, we estimate the TMRCA to be
(660-825) years ago. The statistical uncertaintity for Liles = .00077,
and for Humphrey is .00117. |
Hgrp 460 GataH4 YCAIIa,b 456 607 576 570 CDYa,b 442 438
I1a*
10
10 19 21 15 14 16 19 36
37 12
10 Proposed I1a* Humphrey ancestral haplotype - markers (26-37) - subject to change as more data accumulates:
p
g
r
p3 9 3
3
9
0
1
9
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
8
9
i
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
i
2
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 13 11 29 8 9 8 11 23 16 20
Proposed Multi-family haplotype - subject to modification as we gather more test results.
A preliminary analysis of the 37 marker results indicate approximately the same TMRCA time, perhaps a bit further back in time. We will continue the analysis as more information becomes available about the mutation rates for the additional 12 markers, and as we gather more test results.
However, an alternative analysis, based on our recent 37 marker results, indicates that we've had 1 mutation at DYS442 in 4 generations (8 transmission events). Tho the statistical prediction would be pr = .6 of 0 mutation, and pr = .3 of 1 mutation, the actual observed result is exactly 1 mutation. If we further *assume* that the ratio of 1 mutation/8 transmission events, then the specific data implies 1 mutation every ~110 years, assuming we can project forward the average generation separation of ~ 34 years. And if we further assume that Suttons, Morton, Peet, Liles, and we have a common male ancestor in the surname era, then we might expect the TMRCA to be (400 - 600) years ago. We're actively pursuing the paper trails.
We're seeking participants for testing to reveal more of the genealogical relationships within the Humphrey family, among Sutton, Morton, and Humphrey families, and to get more precise times to our common ancestors. (The Sutton families also have surname family projects with FTDNA
FTDNA Humphrey surname website: (sign up here)
Phylogenetic Network Diagrams
(using the 25 marker results)
Humphrey & Sutton families:
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Initial version for Humphrey
& Sutton FTDNA results. We will continue the analysis as we
accumulate new data and update these diagrams accordingly. This initial
Fluxus analysis indicates a common ancestor for Humphrey and Sutton
members, (700 - 1200) years ago: our 2 family haplotypes differ by only
1 marker from the ancestral modal type, "mv1", depicted below.
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(1A)
Humphrey (2A), (3A)
Sutton
: Haplogroup "I"
(2C), *(3B) Sutton
: Haplogroup "R1b"
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Phylogenetic network diagram by Fluxus software - this shows Humphrey & Sutton YSTR DNA haplotypes are most likely 1, 1, & 2 steps away from the ancestral modal haplotype, "mv1". This pertains to the "I" haplogroup members of these families. The other modal haplotype, "mv2", is ancestral to the "R1b" haplogroup members Suttons. This diagram was produced with Fluxus software, using the Median Join (MJ) calculations on the input data (haplotypes) - the 464 markers were temporarily set aside, a suggestion by Bennett Greenspan at FTDNA. We plan to incorporate them after we have more test results from our Humphrey family, to make finer distinctions. The Fluxus TMRCA (Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor) calculations for the "I" Haplogroup data is (500 - 750) years BP, if we assume a priori, a common genetic ancestor. Current evidence strongly supports this conclusion. (It's theoretically possible that genetic "convergence" might explain the close matching, but genealogical & historical data support the notion of a familial common ancestry, circa 1100). More historical information will appear in the Humphrey Genealogy page in the near future.
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This network diagram includes the Morton family result. These two results share the {12, 28} values for markers (389i, 389ii), which is apparently more characteristic of "R1b" than "I" haplogroups, but the current assessment remains haplogroup "I1a*" for these results. The DYS values aren't shown here - for a cleaner view. The line lengths are proportional to the number of DYS markers, and the long distance from (2A) to (mv2), reflects a "long" genetic distance between haplogroup I & R1b, more than 20000 years ago. More details to appear in the future.
This network diagram uses a root-mean (RMF) algorithm to caculate the nodal relationships. Experience indicates this to be a more robust method than the MJ (Median Join). This analysis makes the same conclusion about the haplogroup I results and provides more median vectors joining those with the R1b haplogroup results. The RMF yields a different relationship from (mv1) to (3B), compared to the MJ diagram. I expect to improve these diagrams as we learn more about the individual marker mutation rates: we can weight the markers appropriately for more accuracy. More details to appear in the future.
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These graphs below illustrate the probabilities for the time to the most recent common ancestor, (TMRCA) based on exact matches, ranging from 12 to 49 marker Y-chromosome test results. The commonly accepted average time for a generation is 25 years. However, our Humphrey average is 33 years for the 11 generations to Michael Humphrey in Lyme Regis. If we *assume* this average for the past 30 generations, the time span is 999 years, whereas a generally assumed 25 years/generation would imply 750 years for another family. It's impossible to know the know the actual truth in the vast majority of cases. Meanwhile, we make statistical inferences and hopefully we will continue to collect data.
The Confidence Level ( probability ) is 50% for the graph above, which depicts the number of generations back to the MRCA, as a function of the number of matching markers.
The graph above shows the number of generations back to the MRCA, for 12, 25, & 37 marker exact matches, depicting Confidence Level (probability %), as a function of TMCRA (in generations). For example, with 37/37 there is a 50% probability that the MRCA was no longer than 5 generations, and a 90% probability that the MRCA was within the last 16 generations. Compare these with 25 and 12 -- with 25 markers, there is a 50% probability that the MRCA was within the last 7 generations, while with 12 markers, there is a 50% probability that the MRCA was within the last 14.5 generations.
The graph above shows the probablity (%) of a common ancestor, assuming {20-25}/25 matches, as a function of the number of generations back to the ancestor. (courtesy David Roper)
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DNA Tutorial, courtesy FTDNA & John Blair's DNA101:
(excerpt)
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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the chemical
inside the nucleus of all cells that carries the genetic instructions
for making living organisms. A DNA molecule consists of two strands
that wrap around each other to resemble a twisted ladder. The sides are
made of sugar and phosphate molecules. The “rungs” are made of
nitrogen-containing chemicals called bases. Each strand is composed of
one sugar molecule, one phosphate molecule, and a base. Four different
bases are present in DNA - adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and
guanine (G). The particular order of the bases arranged along the sugar
- phosphate backbone is called the DNA sequuence; the sequence specifies
the exact genetic instructions required to create a particular organism
with its own unique traits.
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Historical Notes for I, R1b,
R1a (courtesy David Faux, Ken Nordtvedt, & Rootsi paper, 2004.)
updated 7/11/04
Haplogroup I (Hg2, P19*, M170) "I" is found at very low levels in the Celtic areas (Ireland, Wales, Cornwall, northwestern Spain, etc.) and at relatively high levels in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland. It likely originated among the group who "wintered" in Franco/Iberia & western Balkans during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). As the glaciers retreated, people with this haplotype, together wth many others, moved northward. Today, Iceland has about 40% "I", while Shetland and Orkney have only about 25% the I haplotypes relative to these other countries. For those who possess an I haplotype, it is uncertain whether this DNA signature reflects and Anglo/Saxon, Danish Viking or Norse heritage, though the values of DYS390 suggest a 22 for Anglo Saxon Territory and a 23 for Norse Viking territory. Ken Nordtvedt has strengthened this hypothesis with recent haplotype-group searches in the international YHRD database. A recent paper has revealed a Dinaric (e.g., Croatia) modal I haplotype and a Northern European I modal haplotype (based on repeats on 5 DYS markers). In Orkney (and therefore presumably in Shetland), I is "diagnostic of Viking invaders." As future data accumulates, we should be able to discern with more accuracy the haplogroup characteristics of many countries and regions, e.g. Normans, Shetland Islanders, etc. We expect the number of subclades to increase as SNP dicoveries increase. Haplogroup
R1b (Hg1, P25*) It
appears that during the Last Glacial Maximum (20000 years ago) R1b
haplotypes over wintered in Northern Spain, and after the glacial
retreat about 12000 years ago, began a migration to the north in large
numbers, and to the east in declining numbers (although probably
arriving in Spain from the east 30,000 years ago among the paleolithic
or "old stone age" peoples considered to be aboriginal to
Europe). This haplogroup is characteristic of pre-Celtic and
Celtic populations including large areas of Scotland, probably
including Orkney and Shetland 4000 years ago. R1b is the most common haplogroup in
Europe and its frequency changes in a cline from west (where it reaches
a saturation point of almost 100% in areas of Western Ireland) to east
(where it become uncommon in parts of Eastern Europe and virtually
disappears beyond the Middle East). A R1b haplotype is very
difficult to interpret in that they are found at relatively high
frequency in the areas where the Anglo/Saxon and Danish "invaders"
originally called home (e.g., 55% in Friesland), and up to 30% in
Norway. Thus a R1b haplotype makes it very challenging to
interpret the origin of a family with this DNA signature. Marker
DYS385a/b repeats of 11,14 are typical. However in Norway (and
Iceland) profiles of 13/17 and 13/18 have never (or seldom) been seen
in Celtic people, but are found uniquely in Norway and the countries
they colonized. Haplogroup R1a (Hg3, SRY) R1a is the only haplogroup that can currently be
unequivocably linked to a Norse ancestry, specifically to the west
coast of Norway. It is virtually unknown in the Celtic regions
such as Ireland, and barely makes an appearance in Friesland, but
occurs at a relatively high frequency in Norway. Curiously those
who have a haplotype within this haplogroup often have fairly close
matches in Mongolia, India, Siberia, and Eastern Europe. It is
believed that the haplogroup emerged among the Kurgan peoples of the
Eurasian Stepes (the Ukraine), where their ancestors had lived during
the Last Glacial Maximum. From there they spread north and east. |
Human Migration Map (Excepts from DNA Master class, courtesy DNA Heritage, Alastair Greenshields)
This map depicts the historical migration paths of our ancestors - years BP are in ()'s.
The topic of haplogroups is becoming an increasing source of interest with those that have received their Y-chromosome haplotypes. This is because your haplotype can give you hints to your ancient origins.
We’ve all seen illustrations that show the evolutionary branches of primates, and how millions of years ago, chimpanzees, gorillas, gibbons, and orang-utans diverged off from our primate family tree.
Man (hominids) went off in a different evolutionary direction, and there have been several different lines that have since died off, Neanderthals being a notable example. With his origins in Africa, modern man has spread himself around the globe. As he did so, he adapted to his surroundings. These adaptations can be seen in the lightened skin colour due to the lack of sun away from the equator, stockier build as observed in peoples in the Arctic regions to maintain body-heat, and better oxygen absorption capability as seen in inhabitants of mountainous, oxygen-poor regions.
The first image (Map 1) shows Palaeolithic Europe 18,000 years ago in the grip of the last ice age. Glacial ice 2km thick covers much of Northern Europe and the Alps. Sea levels are approx. 125m lower than today and the coastline differs slightly from the present day. For example, Britain and Ireland would have been connected to continental Europe (not shown on map).
If we fast forward to 12,000 years ago (Map 2), the ice has retreated and the land has become much more supportive to life. Many animal species have returned to inhabit the land, although the snake, harvest mouse and mole never made it as far as Ireland before the land bridges re-flooded (ever wondered why there are no snakes in Ireland?).
Around 8,000 years ago (Map 3), the Neolithic peoples of the Middle East that had developed the new technology of agriculture began moving into Europe. There were several haplogroups involved, mainly E3b, F, J2 and G2.
These Neolithic haplogroups came in several waves over time and are found predominantly along the Mediterranean coast. Around 20% of the present-day population are from these Neolithic haplogroups. What is interesting to note is that the agricultural technology spread much further than the people who first 'invented' it.
A little later, around 4,500 years ago, Haplogroup N3 began moving across from west of the Ural mountains. Haplogroup N3 follows closely the spread of the Finno-Ugric languages.
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Y Chromosome Haplogroup Tree (YTREE)
This is pointer to a large, detailed diagram which depicts the Y chromosome haplogroup tree. You can view various portions of this *.PDF image by using the scroll bars or magnification. It shows the evolution, beginning at the far left, of the Y chromosome haplogroups of homo sapiens. Each of the branches, as we move to the right, represents a clan, or haplogroup, generated by a single SNP mutation in some ale ancestor in the distant past. Time moves from left to right, and the haplogroups become ever more specific, defined by more SNP mutations. There's no consistent horizontal time scale: each of the horizontal lines can proceed at a different rate. To track human population migrations, it's highly desirable for the SNP tests to become more specific, narrowing the haplogroups, so that with sufficient international data, we can trace the historical migrations of these haplogroups (or clans) through time and geography. For more detail, see the recent book: The Real Eve, by Stephen Oppenheimer. Courtesy Bonnie Schrack and her excellent website at: http://ancientrootsresearch.com where she describes the mtDNA and Y chromosome haplogroup trees as the family trees of all humanity. The YTREE image was created by Dr. Michael Hammer and Nathan Ellis of the Y Chromosome Consortium. Dr. Hammer is at the University of Arizona. |
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Graphs of
Capelli's British Isles data - 2004
***** Recent Update ***** Update: 4/17/06 - We now have 4 members from the Nation Geographic Genographic Project. Three are R1b, 2 are WAMH (Western Atlantic Modal Haplotype, and the 3rd is a unique R1b & SNP tested. The fourth NG member is J2. We now have a total of 10 R1b members, of whom 4 are WAMH. Our original 4 I1a* members are of my lineage, tracing back to Michael Humphrey, born 1577, Honiton, Devon. His son Michael, born 1620 in Lyme Regis, Dorset, immigrated to Connecticut in 1640. A 5th I1a* member with surname Peet has a 24/25 match with our modal I1a* haplotype. Two of our R1b members, kit# 18304 & 41586, have a 25/25 match, and merged their family trees, having a common ancestor, David Humphreys, born ~ 1790, in Wales. ***** Previous updates ***** Update: 4/17/06 - We now have 4 members from the Nation Geographic Genographic Project. Three are R1b, 2 are WAMH (Western Atlantic Modal Haplotype, and the 3rd is a unique R1b & SNP tested. The fourth NG member is J2. We now have a total of 10 R1b members, of whom 4 are WAMH. Update: 6/27/05 - Responding to a request for privacy, Liles DNA results are no longer included. Morton, Peet, & Sutton data are displayed in the result tables below. A modal haplotype for Liles I1a members will be available in the future at the Liles FTDNA webpage. The Liles I1a modal haplotype matches our modal Humphrey haplotype 23/25. Update: 1/17/05 - We now have all 37 marker results for our 9th cousin, FTDNA kit# 26490: my brother, cousins & I all match 35/37, 36/37, or 37/37. Our paper trails & these results are sufficient to establish with confidence that our assumption about the paternity of Ozias Humphrey, born 1789, is correct: we're descended from Michael Humphrey of Lyme Regis, born 1620. Our Haplogroup has been SNP tested as I1a*. We continue to search for other cousins, for Michael's ancestry in England, France, & Scandinavia: we are *still seeking* participants for DNA testing. Update: 12/17/04 - I've begun a detailed analysis of the haplotype distributions in 2 recent papers, Capelli: "A Y Chromosome Census of the British Isles", & Rootsi: "Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome HG I Reveals ... Gene Flow in Europe." I'll be adding more graphs in the near future - the first 2 show our specific I1a hapolotype distribution in the British Isles, based on Capelli's data. More analysis will be added in the future. Graphs of Capelli's British Isles data - 2004 Graphs of Rootsi's European data - 2004 Update: 11/19/04 - Our newest member is a 9th cousin who lives in the Simsbury, Connecticut area, FTDNA kit# 26490. We were very fortunate to find him through our 3rd cousins in Springwater, NY, after a recent family reunion. When his test result returns from FTDNA, we expect to see a strong confirmation of the paternity question of Ozias Jr, born 1789 in Simsbury. Update: 8/14/04 - SNP testing for P30 & P40 ascertained that I'm I1a*, which was strongly suspected, based on analysis using Ken Nordtvedt'sI1a haplotype groupings. Now we strongly suspect that all of our "I"members who match my Humphrey members 12/12, with DYS455=8, and DYS YCAIIa,b = 19, 21 are also I1a*. Our Y-ancestors were very likely in southwestern Norway, circa 3000-3500 years ago, possibly more recently. *** Possible Migrations to England of Humphrey(s) ancestors *** Combining family verbal lore, surname linguistics, English & Norman history, we now have more evidence to support the supposition that our I1a* line had Norwegian ancestors as recently as year 400, Norman ancestors from approximately year 900, & English ancestors, likely in southern England, the Channel Islands and/or Isle of Wight, circa 1066, & with the Norman invasion at Hastings. For several centuries, the surname Humphrey has been concentrated in the Southeast of England, East Anglia, and Yorkshire. Currently, the surname Humphreys (or Humphries) is concentrated in Wales. There are other logical possibilities supported by English history & the genetic results: (1) Our ancestors were Norwegian Vikings migrating to Northwest England (possibly through Ireland), eastward toward York, Norfolk, East Anglia, then south to Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, or (2) Danish/German ancestors arriving as Anglo/Saxons, settling in eastern England before the Viking invasions, or (3) arriving with the Danish Viking invasions & Danelaw. Our I1a* haplotype occurs in Capelli's data (2005) at frequencies of 6.47% in Norway & 5.26% in Denmark. In Capelli's data York has the highest percentage of our I1a* haplotype at 11% of the total. The "I" haplogroup in York is 32% of the total sample, the highest concentration in any of the English, Scottish, or Irish regions. |
